Carbureter.



F. H. 6: P. 0. BALL.

UARBURE'I'I-IR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 11, 1912.

Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

LUYL85$ wane/we a abhor/M13 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK H. BALL AND FREDERICK 0 BALL, OF PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY.

CAEBUBETEB.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, FRANK H. BALL and FREDERICK 0. BALL, citizens of the United States, residin at Plainfield, in the county of Union and tate of New Jersey, have invented new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following is a specification. a

This invention relates to carbureters and consists in certain improvements in the construction thereof as will be hereinafter fully described and pointed out in the claims.

' control, while in some features is applicable to other devices than those indicated in said application, is particularly designed for use in-connection with such a scheme of control.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the specification and claims.

The invention, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein a vertical central section through the carbureter is shown.

. 1 marks the mixing chamber, and 2 the throttle valve. The throttle valve is of butterfly t e mounted on a rod 3 which is journale I in the walls, of the mixing chamber.

The mixing chamber leads to the discharge tube 4 which is provided with the jacket 5.

Combustible fluid, ordinarily gasolene is introduced to the mixing chamber by" being drawn up and along a carrier 6. The carrier 6 forms an extension of a plug 7 which forms the interior surface of the controlling assage 8, the outer surfaces of the passage Being formed in a controlling passage projection 9 on the float chamber 11. The

walls of the passage thus formed present an extended friction surface to the liquid, the liquid being in the form of athin film or layer between the plug and the outer walls of the passage. Thus there is resistance on both sides, both the interior and exterior of this tube of liquid. In this way 2. ve large surface is provided in comparatively short distances and the length of the passage may be thus kept within convenient limits. The float chamber 11 is connected with the passage 8 by the lateral peassage 12 extending from the float chamr. Projections 10 are arranged on the carrier 6 so as to engage the walls of the passage8 and thus guide the upper end of the plug 7. The lower end of the plug 7 has an enlargement 13 which is arranged in an opening 14 at the bottom of the controlling passage projection. Any arrangement whereby the extent of the surfaces forming the walls of the passage 8 relatively to the cross sectional area of the passage may be used for varyin the resistance to the flow of combustible uid, but we prefer using a tapered pin in a tapered opening with means for a justing the plug axially. In this way the cross sectional area of the passage may be increased or-diminished while the friction surfaces formed by the walls of the passage remain practically constant.

We have provided a convenient means for adjusting the plug and this preferably extends to the top "of the carburetor so as to be readily accessible for adjustment, and at the same time is so arranged as to form no joints from which it is difiicult to prevent the leakage of gasolene or combustible fluid. A spring 15 extends into a socket 16 in the bottom of the enlargement 13 and rests in a cup-shaped cap 17 screwed on to the bottom of the projection. The spring, therefore, is constantly pressing upwardly on the end of the plug 7. An arm 18 is provided with a forked end, the forks of which extend each side of the plug 7. These forks rest on the shoulder 19 formed by the enlargement 13. The arm 18 is carried by a rod 20. The rod is reduced at the lower end forming a shoulder 21 which prevents the arm 18 from; sliding upwardly on .the rdd. The lowei= end of the rod 20 extends into an opening 22 in a bushing 23, the bushing being screwed into the bottom ,of the float chamber. The rod extends eupwardly from the float chamber and through a bushing 24 arranged in the top of the float chamber. The upper end of the rod 20 is reduced at 25 forming a shoulder 26. A flange nut 2-7 is arranged on the extension 25 resting on the shoulder 26 and is screwed on to the bushing 24. It will be readily seen that if the nut 27 is screwed upwardly it will permit the rod 20 to move upwardly by reason 5 of the pressure on the arm 18 through the spring 15. As shown in the figure, the plug 7 is adjusted to the maximum opening. In other words, the rod 20 is at its lowest position.

In order to lock the flange nut 27 so as to maintain any adjustment that may have been made on the plug, the flange nut is provided with the detents 28 which are operated upon by the pawl 29. The pawl 29 is arranged in the socket 30 in the walls of the mixing chamber 1, and a spring 31 exerts pressure on the pawl. The pawl yieldingly operates upon the detents so as to permit of the nut 27 being readily turned to make an adjustment but is sufficient to lock the nut against an undesirable change of adjustment after the adjustment is once made.

An opening 32 is arranged in the bushing 23 extending from the bottom of'the float: chamber. A cap 33 is screwed into the end of the bushing. By removing this cap, the float chamber may be readily drained.

A float 34 is carried by a lever 35 and the lever 35 swings on a pin36 supported in the walls of the inlet valve project-ion on the float chamber. The inlet valve 37 operates on the seat 38. The seat is arranged on a fitting 39 which is connected with the gasolene supply. The stem 40 of the valve 37 has a ball shaped head 41 which extends into a socket 42 in the lever 35. It is secured in the socket by a screw 43. In order to give ready access to the inlet valve, an opening 44 is arranged in the inlet valve projection dircctly above the valve. This is normally closed by the cap 45.

It is sometimes desirable to manually operate the inlet valve so as to increase the level of combustible fluid in the float cham- 45 her. We have provided the following mechanism for this purpose: A bushing 46 extends through the top of the float chamber above the float. A-pin 47 extends through an opening 48 in the bottom of this bushing.

The opening 49 of the bushing is larger than the pin 47 and a spring 50 is arranged around the pin 47 within the opening 49.

The spring engages a shoulder 51 near the top of the pin 47. A bracket 52 is rotatively mounted .on the bushing 46. A bell crank lever 53 is mounted on a pin 54, and the pin 54 is carried by the bracket 52. A erforation 55 is provided at the end of t e lever 53 by means of which any actuating rod or controlling device may be connected to the lever, the bracket 52 bein swung on the bushing to the direction desired.

Whenit is desired to manually open the inlet valve, the bell crank lever 53 is swung to depress the pin 47. The float is in the path of the pin 47 so that when it is de pressed it engages the float and depresses the float thus opening the inlet valve.

Air is delivered to the mixing chamber through two passages, one, a small initial passage directly around the carrier 6, and the other a large main passage through which the main volume-of air is admitted when a normal quantity of mixture is being delivered by the carbureter.

An opening 56 is arranged in the bottom of the mixing chamber 1. A bushing 57 is arranged in this opening 56, the opening 58 in the bushing 57 being directly around the carrier extension 6. An extension 59 on the projection 9 carries the passage 8 up into the opening 58. This opening 58 is always open to the air and the incoming air passing along the carrier 6 induces the movement of, gasolene upwardly along said carrier.

An air valve projection 60 extends from the mixing chamber 1. An opening 61 is provided in the bottom of this projection and the valve seat 62 is secured in this open- I ing, having the seating surface 63 preferably flat. A valve 64 operates on the valve seat. A rib 65 is arranged around the seating surface 63 so that with the initial opening of the valve, the area of the opening is controlled by the distance between the rib 65 and the edge of the valve 64, as distinguished from the distance between the surface of the valve and the. seating surface 63. The course of the air is in a horizontal direction between the face of the valve and: 160 the flat surface 63. When it reaches the rib 65 its free movement is obstructed and the air in effect is dammed up by coming in contact with the rib. This is desirable in order to control the area of this opening 195 with arrinitial movement of the valve so as to maintain the proportions of air and combustible fluid delivered. It is also desirable that after this initial control of the opening by the .valve that there be as it were a free passage of the air past the valve. The height of the rib, therefore, is limited so as to effect the opening onlyto a limited extent of the movement of the valve. After the valve lifts above the edge of the rib, the increase in the opening is commensurate with the movement of the valve; A yoke 66 extends downwardly from the seat 62 and this has the opening 67- concentric with the valve 64 through which the downwardly 12o projecting stem 68 which is arranged concentric wlth the valve extends. A spring 69 is arranged between the yoke 66 and the valve and is so proportioned to the weight of the valve as to approximately balance the valve,

A second spring 70 extends into a socket 71 in the upper face of the valve. This spring exerts pressure'to resist the opening of the valve, and thus gives to the valve lac positions to control the volume of air admit-ted with a given reduction. of pressure or suction in the carburetor to make the air correspond to the 'quantity of combustible fluid delivered. The upper end of the spring rests against a head 72 on the end of a pin 73.

It is desirable that the position of the head be adjustable so as to vary the force of the spring and in this way adjust the resistance to the inflow of air so as to vary the proportionsof air and combustible fluid delivered by the carbureter.

The pin 73 extends throu h the opening 74 in a hood 75, the hood ing arran ed over the top of the projection 60. A soc eted projection 76 is arranged on the top of the hood 7 5. A flange nut 77 is screwed onto this projection and. engages a shoulder 78 on the pin 73. This shoulder limitsthe upward movement of the in 73 and conseuently the position of t e head 72 and in t is way determines the adjustment of the spring 70. A bracket79 arran d on the projection 76 is secured in place y a screw 80. The flange nut 77 is provided with the detents 81 in which a pawl 82 operates. 'The W1 82 is carried in the-socket 83 in the bracket 79 and is actuated by a spring 84 in the socket 83. This pawl is so adjusted as to readily yield to permit of the adjustmerit of the nut and at the same time have suflicient locking capacity to prevent an undesired shift in the position of the nut.

It is sometimes desirable especially in starting the engine to increase momentarily the pressure on the air valve so as to give an abnormally rich mixture. In order to accomplish this, we have provided the following mechanism :-A projection 85 is arranged on the flange nut 75. A bracket 86 is arranged on the projection 85. A bell crank lever 87 engages the top of the pin 73 and is swin 'ngly mounted on the pin 88 extending om the bracket 86. "The end of the lever 87 is provided with a perforation 93 so as to readily attach any desirable operat' ing rod (not shown) leading to some convenient point for operation. The socket 89 in the projection 76 is somewhat larger than the pin 73, and a spring 90 is arranged in this socket around the pin engaging the shoulder 78. This spring is intended to positively hold the shoulder 78 against the flange nut 77 and inasmuch as the spring 70 has little if any initial tension, this is desirable.

When it is desired to momentarily enrich the mixture, the lever 87 is actuated to de- 1 press the pin 73 and this carrying with it the head 72 compresses the spring 70, thus increasing the pressureon the air valve 64. In consequence of this increased pressure on the air valve, a greater resistance is offered to the inflow of air and consequently a greater reduction in pressure is efi'ected in the mixing chamber with a given volume of air. This induces the flow of a lar er proportion of combustible fluid and t us enriches the mixture. It will be noted that the bracket 86 is rotatively mounted on the projection 85 so that it with the lever 87 may be swung to any desired direction for convement operation.

Carburetors of this type are subjected to violent pulsations or variations in pressure due to the strokes of the pump or engine drawing in the mixture. It is important that the air valve give to the air a pro-determined resistance with each throttle opening and speed of the engine so that the amount of air delivered may be constantly in proper proportion to the amount of combustible fluid delivered. The rapid pulsations referred to especially with some speeds at which the valve apparently synchronizes with the pulsations causes a violent move ment of the valve and the violent movement of the valve under these conditions seriously interferes with the proper proportion of air. In order to overcome this tendency, we have provided a mechanism for neutralizing this action on the valve.

The interior surface of the hood forms a cylinder 91 in which operates the piston 92. This piston is carried by the valve 64. The fit between the cylinder 91 and piston 92 is ordinarily not close so that the pressure in the cylinder 91 above the piston ap roximates the average pressure in the mixlug-chamber. In order, however, to emphasize this connection we have shown in the drawings a minute openin 92. It will be understood, however, that this ordinarily may be and preferabl' will be dispensed with. The effect of this mechanism is to neutralize the effect of the pulsations on the valve. For instance, when there is a violent reduction of pressure in the carbureter and a consequent tendency of the valve to swing open above the desired positionfor the average pressure in the mixing chamber, the pressure in the cylinder 91 bein about the carbureters average pressure wil be greater than the pressure in the mixing chamber and consequentl there will be a greater pressure above t e piston than below it and this will resist the upward movement of the valve- On the other hand, if the pressure is increased above the normal or average pressure so that there is a tendency for the valve/'64 to close, the pressure in the cylinder 91 maintaining for the moment the average pressure will be less than that in the valve extension or mixing chamber and consequently the pressure in the mixing chamber operating on the piston will tend to open the valve, thus neutralizing the closing effeet on the valve. It will be understood that the communication between the cylinder 91 and the mixing chamber is minute so that while such a communication is established, it is not sufficient to permit of the fluctuations in the cylinder 91 following the fluctuations in the mixing chamber. In other words, the pressure in the chamber 91 will gradually assume the average pressure under which the carbureteris operating and will maintain this pressure until this average pressure is changed either b higher speed of the engine or change in t e throt tle opening.

When t ere is a sudden opening of the throttle thus suddenly changing the requirements both as to volume of air and volume of gasolene this sudden change in re uirements involves an acceleration of the co umn of gasolene contained in the passages leading to the discharge in the mixin chamber, and where friction control is use as in our invention this column is of considerable extent. This extent of the column in the passages produces under ordinary conditions some sluggishness in the change of movement of llquid in response to the changed conditions incident to the sudden 0 enilig of the throttle. To obviate this ten ency we make the iston 92 of greater area than the area of t e valve.

on the top of the valve and the un er side of the piston is unequal. When, therefore, there is a sudden reduction of pressure in the carbureter due to a sudden opening of the throttle, the pressure in the cylinderabove the piston'maintaining for the -mo ment the previous carbureten pressure is-in excess of the pressure below the piston and tends to force the valve downwardly, 'or in other words, to close-the valve so as to make a momentary abnormal resistance to theflow changes in the throttle opening. After this momentary action of the piston, the pressure in the cylinder assumes the average pressure of the carbureter and the valve, therefore, assumes its normal position under the conditions of throttle opening and speed of the engine. ,It will be noted also that the mixing chamber is in the form of an elbow and that the carrier 6 is in the path of the air as it travels laterally through thehorizontal part of the elbow and this striking the carrier takes up the gasolene therefrom. .Theair in its further movement tends to move to the outer side of the vertical part of the elbo The butterfly valve isdp ositioned so i ,that a part of the air obstructe by the valve is deflected to the inner side of the elbow and The result is that the efiective force due to the carbureter ressure 1 ouses in this way the air currents coming directly in contact with the carrier are deflected so as to give to the total volume of air passing the throttle valve, the average mixture throu out.

. While we have shown a common form of cylinder 91 and piston 92 wherein the joint between the walls of the cylinder and piston is accomplished by the sliding fit of the' iston in the cylinder we do not wish to be 1mited to this form of piston and cylinder or this manner of forming the joint between the iston and the walls of thecylinder.

at we claim as new is 1. In a carbureter, the combination of a carbureting chamber; devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureting chamber; and means controlling the delivery of combustible fluid comprising a vertical passage, the surfaces of sad passage being extended relatively to the cross sectional area of the friction of a combustib e liquid of the fluid characteristics of 60 gravity asoleneat 60 Fahrenheit with the said sur aces the dominant factor in resisting the flow of liquid through the passage and to the carbureting chamber.

2. In a carbureter, the combination of a assage to make the carbureting chamber; means for controlling the delivery of combustiblefluid com rising a vertical passage tubular. in form, t e surfaces of which are extended relatively. to the thefrict-ion of a combustible liquid of the fluid characteristics of 60 gravity asolene at 60 Fahrenheit with. the said sur aces the dominant factor in resisting the flow of liquid through the passage and to the carcross sectional area of the passage to make it bureting chamber; a plug arranged in said assage; and means extending from the ower part of the plug and operative from tllie top of the carbureter for adjusting the u P In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; an air valve mechanism comprising an air valve controlling the flow of air to-the carbureter; a piston connected with the air valve and a cylinder in which the piston 'operateasaid cylinder being closed on the side ofthe piston opposite the valve and adapted to confine air acting on the piston in op osition to the pressure in the carbureter an having a minute connection with the carbureter,

whereby the average pressure in the carbureter is maintained in the cylinder the air valve mechanism resisting the opening-of the air valve to varythe position of the air valvelwith variatlons of suction in thecar hiireter to control the suction.

a In a carhureter, the combinationof de.

a. if; I

vices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; an air valve mechanism comprising an air valve controlling the flow of air to the carbureter; a cylinder opening to the carbureter; a piston in the cylinder; said piston being subjected to the pressure in the'cylinder on one side and the pressure in the carbureter on the opposite side and a connection between the piston and the valve, said cylinder and carbureter having a minute connection whereby the average pressure in the carbureter is maintained in the cylinder, the air valve mechanism resisting the opening of the air valve to vary the position of the air valve with variations of suction in the carbureter to. control the suction.

5. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; an air valve mechanism comprising an air valve controlling the flow of air to the carbureter; a cylinder opening to the carbureter; a piston in the cylinder, said piston being sub ected to the pressure in the cylinder on the one side and the pressure in the carbureter on the opposite side and being connected to the valve and of greater area than the valve; and a connection between the piston and the valve, said cylinder and carbureter having a minute connection whereby the average pressure in the carbureter is maintained in the cylinder the air valve mechanism resisting the opening of the air valve to vary the position of the air valve with variations of suction in the carbureter to cont-r01 the suction. I

6. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suctlon air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; an air valve controlling the flowof air to the carbureter; a piston connected with the air valve; a cylinder in which the piston o crates, said cylinder being closed on the si e of the piston opposite the valve adapted to confine air under pressure acting on the piston in opposition to the pressure in the carbureter and having a minute connection with the carbureter, whereby the average pressure in the carbureter is maintained in the cylinder; and a spring for opposing the opening of the valve said spring being proportioned to the opening pressures on the valve incident to the suction in the carbureter to give to the valve varying positions to control the suction.

7. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; an air valve controlling the flow of air to the carbureter; a cylinder opposite the valve; a

piston operating in the cylinder; a socketed connection between the iston and the valve; and a spring arranged in the socket and opposing the opening of the valve, said cylinder and carbureter having a minute connec tion whereby the average pressure in the carbureter is maintained in the cylinder and said spring being proportioned to the pres sure on the valve to give to the valve varying positions under the varying suction of the carbureter to control the suction of the carbureter.

8. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; an air valve controlling the flow of air to the carbureter; a piston connected with the air valve; a cylinder in which the piston operates, said cylinder being closed on the side of the piston opposite the valve and having a minute connection with the carbureter, whereby the average pressure in the carbureter is maintained in the cylinder; a spring for resisting the opening of the valve; said spring being proportioned to the opening pressures on the valve incident to the suction in the carbureter to give to the valve varying positions to control the suction and an auxiliary spring balancing the valve against gravity.

9. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; an air valve controlling the flow of air to the carbureter; a piston connected with the air valve; a cylinder in which the piston operates, said cylinder being closed on the side of the piston opposite the valve and having a minute connection with the carbureter, whereby the average pressure in the carburetor is main tained in the cylinder; a spring for opp 0s ing the opening of the valve; said spring bein proportioned to the opening pressures on the valve incident to the suction in the carbureter to give to the valve varying po sitions to control the suction and means for adjusting said spring to vary the pres sure on the valve 10. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering'by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; an air valve controlling the flow of air to the car-- bureter; a piston connected with the air valve; a cylinder in which the piston operates, said cylinder being closed on theside of the piston opposite the valve and having a minute connection with the carbureter, whereb t-he average pressure in the carbureter is maintained in the cylinder; a spring for opposing the opening of the valve; and means for momentarily increasing" the pressure on the spring for enriching the mixture in the carbureter.

11. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for del'iverin by suction air and combustible fluid to t e carbureter; an air valve controlling the flow of air to the carbureter; a iston connected with the air valve; a cylinder in which the piston opera bustible fluid comprising a passage the walls of which are extended relatively to the cross sectional area of the passage making the friction of the combustible fluid with said walls the dominant factor in resisting the flow of fluid through it.

"12. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; a valve mechanism comprising a valve controlling v the flow of air to the carbureter; said mechanism resisting the opening'of thevalve to give 'to' the valve varying positions to vary the suction of the carbureter and means acting independently of a movement of the valve for neutralizing the effect of pulsations of pressure in the carbureter on the valve. i v

13. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; a valve mechanism comprising a valve controlling the flow of air to the carbureter; said mechanism resisting the opening of the valve to give to the valve varying positions to vary the suction of the carbureter and devices acting independently of a movement of the valve subjected to the pressure in the carbureter for neutralizing the effect of pulsatlons of pressure in the carbureter upon the valve.

14. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; means for controlling the delivery of combustible fluid to the carbureter comprising a passage the walls of which are extended rela tively to the cross sectional area of the passage to make the frictional engagement of the combustible fluid with the walls of the passage the dominant factor in resistin the flow of fluid through the passage; an devices controlling the delivery of air comprising a passage surrounded by a valve I seat; and an air valve controlling said passage operatin toward and from said seat, the area of t e passage duringtheinitial movement of the valve being controlled by the radial distance between the valve and the walls of the passage and the area of the of the valve in its later movements eing controlled by the distance of the valve from its seat.

15. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; means for controlling-the delivery of combustible bustible fluid with the walls of the passage 'bustible fluid with the walls of the passage tarily and abnormally increasing said sucrovnese fluid to the carbureter; an air valve controlling the flow of air to the carbureter and the suction in the carbureter and means subjected directly to the carbureter pressure and acting on the air valve for momentarily augmenting the delivery action of the devices on the combustible fluid with an increase in the aspiration in the carbureter.

16. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; means for controlling the delivery of combustible fluid to the carbureter comprising a passage .the walls of which are extended relatlvely to the cross sectional .area of the passage to make the frictional engagement of the comthe dominant factor in resisting the flow of fluid through the passage and to the carbureter; and means for momentarily augmenting the delivery action of the devices on the combustible fluid with an increase in the suction in the carbureter.v

17. In a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; means for controlling the delivery of combustible fluid to the carbureter comprising a passage the walls of which are extended relatively to the cross sectional area of the passage to make the frictional engagement of the comthe dominant factor in resisting the flow of fluid through the passage and to the carbureter; and means acting with an increasing suction in the carbureter for momention.

18. In 'a carbureter, the combination of devices for delivering by'suction air and combustible fluid to the carbureter; an air valve controlling the flow of air to the car- 1 05 bureter';- a piston connected with the air valve; a cylinder in which the piston op-' er'ates, said cylinder being closed on the side of the iston opposite the valve and adapted to-con e air'under pressure acting on the .110 piston in opposition to the pressure in the carbureter and having a minute connection 'with the carbureter whereby the average pressure in the carbureter is maintained in the cylinder; and means for exerting pressure on the valve to oppose the opening of the valve, said means, increasing the opposing pressure as the valve opens.

In testimony whereof we have hereuntov set our hands in the presence of two sub scribing witnesses. I

"FRANK H. BALL.

v FREDERICK "0. BALL. Witnesses:

' 'lnos. D. VANsYoKnL',

lb. C.- VANSYOKEL. 

